资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
先立后破,加快建设新型能源体系****** 先立后破,加快建设新型能源体系 ——建设绿色低碳高质量发展先行区三年行动计划解读④ 本报记者 张文婷 王建 能源领域是降污减排的主战场。加快能源绿色低碳发展,是推动经济社会发展全面绿色转型的关键。省委、省政府印发的《山东省建设绿色低碳高质量发展先行区三年行动计划(2023-2025年)》立足我省能源资源禀赋,提出加快新能源和可再生能源规模化发展,促进化石能源清洁高效利用,协同推进绿色低碳转型与能源供应保障。 “《行动计划》对山东建设新型能源体系作出了明确的规划,有目标、有步骤,思路清晰。”省生态文明研究中心主任、齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)二级研究员周勇表示,从碳中和长期战略考虑,未来能源主要由可再生能源、核能、储能组成,加上小部分配备二氧化碳捕集和贮藏设施的煤炭清洁热电联产能源设施,山东近三年在可再生能源和核电方面重点发力,既有创新性,也有前瞻性。 《行动计划》提出,坚持海陆并进、集散并举,加快推动可再生能源基地化、大规模、高比例发展。在海阳市,省内首批海上风电项目之一的国家电投山东半岛南3号海上风电工程,自2021年并网发电以来,已稳定运行一年有余。依托半岛南3号风电场,全省首个海上漂浮式光伏示范项目建成,并发出了全球海上漂浮式光伏第一度电。“我们将打造海阳千万千瓦级海上风电、海上光伏基地,构建多业态融合发展新格局,探索多渠道绿电转化新模式。”国家电投山东分公司党委副书记、总经理郑海村表示。 推动非化石能源规模化发展是实现能源结构转型的必然要求。按照《行动计划》,山东将聚焦推进碳达峰、碳中和,更好发挥新能源在能源绿色低碳转型中的引领作用,以重大项目建设为支撑,加快推进海上风电、海上光伏、胶东半岛核电、鲁北盐碱滩涂地风光储一体化、鲁西南采煤沉陷区“光伏+”等五大清洁能源基地建设,推动新能源和可再生能源基地化、规模化跃升发展。同时,加快推进新型储能技术推广应用,在大规模风光基地、特高压落点等重点区域实施一批新型储能示范工程,不断提升新能源消纳能力。 近日,文登抽水蓄能电站1号、2号机组顺利投产发电。电站机组投运后可承担电网调峰、填谷、调频、调相、紧急事故备用和黑启动等任务,对保障电网安全稳定运行、促进清洁能源消纳、推动能源结构调整具有重要意义。“实现绿色低碳高质量发展,威海市有基础、有优势,我们将贯彻‘四个革命、一个合作’能源发展战略,稳步推进能耗‘双控’向碳排放总量和强度‘双控’转变。”威海市发展和改革委员会主任隋同朋表示,将加快文登抽水蓄能电站、“国和一号”等清洁能源项目建设,推动华能核电扩建、乳山半岛南和华能半岛北海上风电、HG32海上光伏等项目前期工作,积极发展核电、风电、光伏等产业,抓好清华大科学装置、能源互联网等建设,着力构建现代能源体系。 加快可再生能源开发利用的同时,煤电的兜底保供作用仍不可忽视。根据《行动计划》,山东将加快煤电机组更新改造,促进化石能源清洁高效利用。“我们坚持‘一机一策’推进‘三改联动’工作,先后完成一期两台机组高背压改造、二期两台机组低压缸切缸改造,机组发电的热效率为43%,供热的循环热效率提升到95%以上,实现了冬季发电与供热的灵活转换,可为30公里外的济南城区供热。”华电章丘公司党委书记、董事长赵永表示,作为济南东部重要的电源和热源点,公司将继续优化机组运行方式,促进煤炭清洁高效利用。 山东重化工业比重大,煤电比例高,煤炭消费量大,压减煤炭消费是重中之重。“确保经济发展所需要的能源供应,确保清洁能源对煤电的安全替代,确保经济发展所需要的能源成本不会大幅度上升,实现‘先立后破’是关键。”周勇认为,《行动计划》充分考虑有效利用过去已经建设完成的煤电机组,尤其是有较大供热需求的机组,并让这些机组发挥一定作用后适时退出,此举对于资源节约利用和绿色低碳发展具有重要意义。 建设新型能源体系,一方面要深挖自身潜力,另一方面也要借助省外优质资源。《行动计划》明确,强化能源跨区域合作。努力扩大“绿电入鲁”规模,加强与送端省份合作,积极参与国家大型风电光伏基地开发,加快陇东至山东特高压直流输电通道建设,不断提高输电通道中可再生能源电量比例,适时启动新直流输电通道研究论证工作。到2025年,年接纳省外电量达到1500亿千瓦时左右。 “深入挖掘省内可再生能源的消纳能力,同时充分考虑大规模外电尤其是绿电入鲁,加上核电的加快发展和热利用等,提升非煤能源比重,降低碳排放量,这样才能够真正体现先行区的形象和作用。”周勇表示,这其中需要科技的有力支撑,加强人才队伍建设,充分发挥市场规模推动创新,牢牢把握这些关键要素,将推动山东加快建成绿色低碳高质量发展先行区。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |